During the emergent phase, which goals should be met?

• A. Urine output ≥30 mL/hr
• B. MAP ≥70 mmHg
• C. Both A and B
• D. Temperature normalization

Answer: (C)

During the emergent phase, the priority is to reverse fluid losses and restore circulation to protect organ perfusion. Clinically, this is monitored with urine output and blood pressure because they directly reflect how well the kidneys and tissues are being perfused. A urine output of at least 30 mL per hour indicates adequate renal perfusion and fluid resuscitation, while a mean arterial pressure around 70 mmHg or higher shows sufficient perfusion pressure for organs. These targets guide ongoing fluid therapy and vasopressor needs to ensure the patient remains adequately perfused. Temperature management is important to prevent hypothermia, but normalization of body temperature is not a discrete metric like urine output or MAP during the emergent phase.