How can ventilator-associated pneumonia be prevented?

• A. Regular oral care with chlorhexidine
• B. Skip oral care
• C. Prolonged intubation
• D. Neglect hand hygiene

Answer: (A)

Regular oral care with chlorhexidine helps prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia by lowering the bacterial load in the mouth and throat, reducing the chance that bacteria will be aspirated into the lungs around the endotracheal tube. In mechanically ventilated patients, the airway’s defenses are compromised, and mouth bacteria can become a reservoir for infection; chlorhexidine reduces these bacteria and biofilms, which lowers VAP risk when used as part of a consistent oral-care routine. Skipping oral care misses this protective step and leaves more opportunity for colonization. Prolonged intubation increases risk simply by extending exposure, and neglecting hand hygiene opens the door for pathogens to travel to the airway or be transmitted via equipment. By integrating regular chlorhexidine oral care into the care bundle, the most effective reduction in VAP risk is achieved.